The hydrostatic trough

The tear trough ligament: anatomical basis for the tear trough deformity.

BACKGROUND The exact anatomical cause of the tear trough remains undefined. This study was performed to identify the anatomical basis for the tear trough deformity. METHODS Forty-eight cadaveric hemifaces were dissected. With the skin over the midcheek intact, the tear trough area was approached through the preseptal space above and prezygomatic space below. The origins of the palpebral and o...

Peak and Trough.

The diversity of hydrostatic skeletons.

A remarkably diverse group of organisms rely on a hydrostatic skeleton for support, movement, muscular antagonism and the amplification of the force and displacement of muscle contraction. In hydrostatic skeletons, force is transmitted not through rigid skeletal elements but instead by internal pressure. Functioning of these systems depends on the fact that they are essentially constant in volu...

Transient erosion in the Valencia Trough turbidite

6 7 David Amblas, Thomas P. Gerber, Miquel Canals, Lincoln F. Pratson, Roger 8 Urgeles, Galderic Lastras, Antoni M. Calafat 9 10 GRC Geociències Marines, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain 11 Department of Geology, University at Buffalo, NY 14260 Buffalo, USA 12 Division of Earth & Ocean Sciences, Duke University, NC 27708 Durham, USA 13 Dept. Geologia Mari...

Morphology and origin of the Osbourn Trough

The Osbourn Trough is a 900 km long, east-west rending gravity low, visible in satellite altimetry data, which intersects the Tonga Trench at 25ø30'S. A recent survey collected gravity, magnetic, echo sounder, and swath bathymetry data on three adjacent, north-south trending ship tracks centered on the trough. The linear gravity low is 20-30 regal less than the regional value and is accompanied...